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The aim was to deliver low-cost housing that was sustainable and inclusive, allowing those without skills or jobs to ‘learn and earn’. Workers used industry waste to create building materials, and other materials like bricks were recovered from demolition and reused. The buildings, long and narrow in shape, have an additional loft floor and small rentable roof space. Upper internal structures were made with local timber—allowing for easily taught construction processes, thus facilitating women to participate in building. Other design features, such as heavy insulation, keep out heat, and rainwater collection tanks, solar water geysers, food gardens and vine sun-shading improve food security and living conditions for the residents.\u003C/p>",[305,308],{"name":306,"type":307,"value":306},"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-11-12/paris-s-15-minute-city-could-be-coming-to-an-urban-area-near-you","link",{"name":309,"type":307,"value":309},"https://www.smartcitylab.com/blog/governance-finance/paris-15-minute-city/","published",false,{"id":172,"type":313,"cta":15,"cta_link":15,"created_at":314,"updated_at":315,"owner_id":132,"owner_relationship":277,"views":264,"owner":316,"image":317,"contributors":320,"article_locations":324,"article_industries":333,"view_count":264,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":340,"can_edit":311},"policy_case","2020-11-27T14:55:17.343Z","2025-01-17T16:18:46.290Z",{"id":132,"type":133,"owner_id":132,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},{"id":318,"link":319,"alt":15,"source":15,"created_at":314,"updated_at":315,"article_id":172,"image_profile_id":15,"banner_profile_id":15},"0Qn1iN3P8qA=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778092607067-GMlNIE63.jpeg",[321,323],{"contributor_id":322},"87h5Ww",{"contributor_id":132},[325],{"article_id":172,"location_id":326,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"location":328},"3530597","2026-05-06T18:54:12.706Z",{"id":326,"type":329,"name":330,"color":15,"parent_location_id":331,"created_at":332,"updated_at":15},"city","Mexico City","MEX","2026-02-27T07:55:14.722Z",[334],{"article_id":172,"industry_id":335,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"industry":336},"agriculture",{"id":335,"name":337,"description":338,"sector":339},"Agriculture","Producing and gathering crop and animal products from land and water through farming, hunting, and fishing","agri_food",{"id":341,"score":264,"body":342,"status":310,"article_id":172,"created_at":314,"updated_at":315,"published_at":314},"3lpP",{"title":343,"outcome":344,"problem":345,"summary":346,"solution":347,"attachment":348},"Mexico City: Secretariat for Rural Development and Equity for Communities","\u003Cp>SEDEREC’s programmes are ever evolving; but since the organisations founding has seen success in some arenas; for example, a guide has been published on Mexico City’s medicinal plants to encourage their growth, and large investments to the order of five million euros have been made in 2,800 urban agriculture projects, which has directly benefited thousands of Mexico City residents.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Mexico City’s Federal District, home to millions of people, is supposedly protected from urbanisation—although this is not truly the case; residential land in the area is lacking, and almost one-third of residents of the Federal District are living in poverty, lacking both access to health services and basic housing. Close to 1,000 informal settlements have been built in the area, increasingly putting natural habitats at risk. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>For the last two decades, the local government of Mexico City has implemented a number of measures intended to bolster local urban and suburban agriculture. In 2007, the Secretariat for Rural Development and Equity for Communities (SEDEREC) was created, which focuses on protecting ecosystem services and ensuring a local food supply that is agrochemical-free or entirely organic. More specifically, it aims to improve production planning, training, technology development, agro-processing and marketing, supported by funds from the federal government of Mexico. These funds support farmers impacted by emergency events (droughts and floods), as well as horticulture, crop production and conservation practices. The programme also facilitates the maintenance of traditional food culture, and promotes the local production of staples like maize, fruits and vegetables as well as medicinal and ornamental plants. One successful output of the project was the publication of a guide to Mexico City’s medicinal plants, to encourage growth and use. Another investment of approximately five million euros—in 2,800 urban agriculture projects—directly benefited over 15,000 residents, who were supported in creating home gardens. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Federal District is promoting sustainable, ecosystem-based agriculture in rural regions as well as local urban food production in Mexico City to combat the negative environmental impacts of urbanisation and ensure food supply. In 2007, a decisive step was taken through the creation of SEDEREC, a government organisation facilitating a shift to agrochemical-free and organic urban and peri-urban food production. The programme intends to improve agricultural systems by targeting production planning, training, technology development, agro processing and marketing. It also aims to promote traditional food culture, consequently aiding rural farmers in entering national and international markets. The programme has seen the creation of an organic certification standard, called the Green Seal, and promotes local production of maize, vegetables, fruit, nopal, fodder, medicinal and ornamental plants. \u003C/p>",[349,351,353],{"name":350,"type":307,"value":350},"https://borgenproject.org/the-smallholder-farmers-alliance-and-the-healing-of-haiti/",{"name":352,"type":307,"value":352},"http://www.haitifarmers.org/",{"name":354,"type":307,"value":354},"https://www.circle-economy.com/resources/the-social-economy-a-means-for-inclusive-decent-work-in-the-circular-economy",{"id":160,"type":273,"cta":15,"cta_link":15,"created_at":356,"updated_at":357,"owner_id":132,"owner_relationship":277,"views":264,"owner":358,"image":15,"contributors":359,"article_locations":366,"article_industries":376,"view_count":264,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":377,"can_edit":311},"2020-12-19T14:43:38.283Z","2025-01-17T16:14:14.706Z",{"id":132,"type":133,"owner_id":132,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},[360,362,363,365],{"contributor_id":361},"cZcrQQ",{"contributor_id":276},{"contributor_id":364},"o74umQ",{"contributor_id":132},[367,372],{"article_id":160,"location_id":368,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":369},"AUS",{"id":368,"type":287,"name":370,"color":15,"parent_location_id":371,"created_at":332,"updated_at":15},"Australia","OC",{"article_id":160,"location_id":373,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":374},"NZL",{"id":373,"type":287,"name":375,"color":15,"parent_location_id":371,"created_at":332,"updated_at":15},"New Zealand",[],{"id":378,"score":264,"body":379,"status":310,"article_id":160,"created_at":356,"updated_at":357,"published_at":356},"2eOj",{"title":380,"outcome":381,"problem":382,"summary":383,"solution":384,"attachment":385},"State of play for circular built environment in Oceania","\u003Cp>Overall, both Australia and New Zealand will experience population growth in the coming years, thus more stringent policy is needed to address concurrently increasing volumes of waste. While some regions—particularly New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria—do have some circular economy policies, the report recommends that governments should do more to enforce legislation by governing all parts of the supply chain, from product design requirements to recycling and reuse targets. Additional focus can be placed on refurbishing and retrofitting current buildings, while using secondary materials to meet the demand for new buildings. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The report notes that countries in the Oceania region are not on par with Europe when it comes to the circular economy. A large proportion (43%) of all solid waste is generated from construction and demolition activities; in Australia alone the volume of construction waste in 2017 amounted to 20.4 megatonnes. Construction practices are typically linear and use emissions-intensive materials, and rates of reuse are relatively low.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The report \u003Cem>State of play for circular built environment in Oceania \u003C/em>provides a snapshot of the circular built environment in Australia and New Zealand. It paints a broad picture of policies and programmes currently in place, and clarifies areas where improvements could be made or future roadmaps for a circular transition drawn up. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Australian government completed an analysis finding that 9.2 full-time equivalent (FPE) jobs are created per 10,000 tonnes of material recycled—compared to just 2.8 FPE jobs per 10,000 tonnes of material that end up in landfill. It is clear that huge opportunities exist in the region for the uptake of circularity, which would be both environmentally and socially beneficial. Some regions have already set targets: Western Australia, for example, aims to recover 80% of construction and demolition waste by 2030. Other regions are currently making strides, with Queensland already recovering about half of its construction and demolition waste.\u003C/p>",[386],{"name":387,"type":307,"value":387},"https://www.oneplanetnetwork.org/sites/default/files/oceania_final_201101.pdf",{"id":158,"type":273,"cta":15,"cta_link":15,"created_at":389,"updated_at":390,"owner_id":132,"owner_relationship":277,"views":264,"owner":391,"image":15,"contributors":392,"article_locations":395,"article_industries":401,"view_count":264,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":402,"can_edit":311},"2020-12-19T14:41:49.539Z","2025-01-17T16:14:00.809Z",{"id":132,"type":133,"owner_id":132,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},[393,394],{"contributor_id":276},{"contributor_id":132},[396],{"article_id":158,"location_id":397,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":398},"USA",{"id":397,"type":287,"name":399,"color":15,"parent_location_id":400,"created_at":332,"updated_at":15},"United States","NA",[],{"id":403,"score":264,"body":404,"status":310,"article_id":158,"created_at":389,"updated_at":390,"published_at":389},"615X",{"title":405,"outcome":406,"problem":407,"summary":408,"solution":409,"attachment":410},"State of play for circular built environment in North America","\u003Cp>While the United States is making some effort to reduce the environmental impact of its construction sector, there is room for growth and the creation of roadmaps that take a circular approach and focus on material usage and waste management. For example, some municipalities are already implementing laws that require increased recovery of construction and demolition materials. The report notes the necessity of taking a systems thinking approach and investing in research and development, and highlights the importance of stakeholders in the built environment—with actors in government, academia and the private sector—working collaboratively.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>In the United States, linear modes of construction prevail; on the whole, circular economy approaches are uncommon, which the report notes was likely due to the good economic growth and low rates of unemployment pre-covid-19. Carbon-intensive materials, particularly cement, are incredibly common; what’s more, waste from construction and demolition makes up up to 45% of the country’s solid waste by weight. This is projected to increase as the population is expected to increase by 23% by 2060—with a large proportion of this figure predicted to live in urban areas, which produce significantly larger volumes of waste and require higher levels of construction. Currently, 90% of construction and demolition waste stems from the demolition phase, indicating that great strides can be made in that arena. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The report \u003Cem>State of play for circular built environment in North America\u003C/em> provides a snapshot of the circular built environment in the United States. It focuses on material use by identifying frameworks, policies and programmes that promote the circular transition, and addresses the challenges that increasing urbanisation and need for construction materials pose. In its analysis, the report touches upon the impact of the built environment on the environment, construction and demolition waste management, general solid waste management, government incentives for biomaterial use and the role of design in circular construction. Finally, the report provides recommendations for the future—as it hopes to act as the foundation for future research and development in the field. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp> The report details what legislation does exist in the United States surrounding green building, although not all regulations are necessarily referred to as being part of the circular economy. The US EPA’s Sustainable Materials Management Program, for example, has launched a plan covering 2017 to 2022 that includes initiatives focusing on the built environment, which aim to slash disposal rates and reduce the impact of materials used across their lifetimes. The EPA also intends to enhance data management and measurement regarding construction and demolition waste. The REMADE institute takes a blatantly circular approach, and focuses on knowledge gaps that prevent effective material recycling, recovery, remanufacturing and reuse; while the institute focuses primarily on product-based manufacturing than the built environment, it indicates that the capabilities to apply a circular model in the construction sector do exist. Finally, the report highlights the financial incentives—such as tax credits and deductions—that do exist for the building sector, although they almost entirely focus on energy efficiency and renewable energy. \u003C/p>",[411],{"name":387,"type":307,"value":387},{"id":156,"type":273,"cta":15,"cta_link":15,"created_at":413,"updated_at":414,"owner_id":132,"owner_relationship":277,"views":264,"owner":415,"image":15,"contributors":416,"article_locations":419,"article_industries":438,"view_count":264,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":439,"can_edit":311},"2020-12-19T14:37:41.965Z","2025-01-17T16:13:45.164Z",{"id":132,"type":133,"owner_id":132,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},[417,418],{"contributor_id":276},{"contributor_id":132},[420,425,430,434],{"article_id":156,"location_id":421,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":422},"ARG",{"id":421,"type":287,"name":423,"color":15,"parent_location_id":424,"created_at":332,"updated_at":15},"Argentina","SA",{"article_id":156,"location_id":426,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":427},"CHL",{"id":426,"type":287,"name":428,"color":15,"parent_location_id":424,"created_at":429,"updated_at":15},"Chile","2026-02-27T07:55:25.880Z",{"article_id":156,"location_id":431,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":432},"BRA",{"id":431,"type":287,"name":433,"color":15,"parent_location_id":424,"created_at":332,"updated_at":15},"Brazil",{"article_id":156,"location_id":435,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":436},"ECU",{"id":435,"type":287,"name":437,"color":15,"parent_location_id":424,"created_at":429,"updated_at":15},"Ecuador",[],{"id":440,"score":264,"body":441,"status":310,"article_id":156,"created_at":413,"updated_at":414,"published_at":413},"BADj",{"title":442,"outcome":443,"problem":444,"summary":445,"solution":446,"attachment":447},"State of play for circular built environment in Latin America and the Caribbean","\u003Cp>As noted above, few regulations exist in the realm of construction and demolition waste management—and few or no incentives to adopt circular practices are given by governments of the region. A future step would be to increase incentives via taxes or cash for improved construction waste management, also implementing a holistic, multi-stakeholder approach with strong regulatory action from governments. The report notes that more creative solutions will be necessary in the future, for example in the form of educational campaigns and vocational training on the importance of waste reduction.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp> In Latin America, over half a million tonnes of waste are produced each day—yet only 10% is recycled. As populations grow, this figure is only set to increase, particularly as the region is highly urbanised: by 2050 it is estimated that 80% of the population will live in cities. As cities grow, protected territories are increasingly encroached upon—with more than 2400 square kilometres of protected areas lost to urban development between 1996 and 2010. The Latin American construction industry is highly linear, and depends upon the use of energy-intensive materials like concrete and steel for much of its housing production. Construction and demolition waste is also a significant issue—yet a lack of sufficient research in the field prevents countries from quantifying just how severe the economic and environmental impact of poor management is. Additionally, the region is prone to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, yet lacks contingency planning for such events—resulting in huge quantities of debris being dumped in landfills. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The report \u003Cem>State of play for circular built environment in Latin America and the Caribbean\u003C/em> provides a snapshot of the circular built environment in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador and Mexico. It summarises the current circular initiatives existing in construction in the given countries, with a focus on responsibility sourced construction materials as well as the disposal of construction and demolition waste. Recommendations for future action are provided for stakeholders in the construction sector, specifically surrounding solid waste management and sustainable development. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp> The report details what little legislation in the region exists regarding sustainable construction. Argentina, for example, has formulated a Strategic Plan for Waste Management toward Circular Economy, which aims to create a system for property managing urban solid waste, including construction and demolition waste. Brazil, a pioneer across Latin America, has had an industrial plant for recycling such waste in place for the last two decades—however, a lack of regulations prevent research on its effectiveness. Mexico is one of the only countries in the region with a solid plan for circular construction, and aims to boost the weight of recycled construction and demolition waste from 206 tonnes to 8000 tonnes by 2024 through their 2019 Zero Waste Plan.\u003C/p>",[448],{"name":387,"type":307,"value":387},{"id":152,"type":273,"cta":15,"cta_link":15,"created_at":450,"updated_at":451,"owner_id":276,"owner_relationship":277,"views":264,"owner":452,"image":15,"contributors":453,"article_locations":456,"article_industries":479,"view_count":264,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":480,"can_edit":311},"2020-12-17T14:56:11.780Z","2025-01-17T16:13:30.571Z",{"id":276,"type":133,"owner_id":276,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},[454,455],{"contributor_id":276},{"contributor_id":132},[457,462,466,471,475],{"article_id":152,"location_id":458,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":459},"IND",{"id":458,"type":287,"name":460,"color":15,"parent_location_id":461,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"India","AS",{"article_id":152,"location_id":463,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":464},"CHN",{"id":463,"type":287,"name":465,"color":15,"parent_location_id":461,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"China",{"article_id":152,"location_id":467,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":468},"IDN",{"id":467,"type":287,"name":469,"color":15,"parent_location_id":461,"created_at":470,"updated_at":15},"Indonesia","2026-02-27T07:55:02.991Z",{"article_id":152,"location_id":472,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":473},"PAK",{"id":472,"type":287,"name":474,"color":15,"parent_location_id":461,"created_at":470,"updated_at":15},"Pakistan",{"article_id":152,"location_id":476,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":477},"NPL",{"id":476,"type":287,"name":478,"color":15,"parent_location_id":461,"created_at":470,"updated_at":15},"Nepal",[],{"id":481,"score":264,"body":482,"status":310,"article_id":152,"created_at":450,"updated_at":451,"published_at":450},"XfNp",{"title":483,"outcome":484,"problem":485,"summary":486,"solution":487,"attachment":488},"State of play for circular built environment in Asia","\u003Cp>In all, circular economy approaches have been experiencing increased popularity among both business and government leaders. A transition to circularity in Asia will lead to economic growth, material cost savings, the creation of new jobs, improved business models and innovation, as well as a myriad of environmental benefits. Future focus to further grow the circular economy should focus on developing new materials and technologies, reskilling informal workers, and revolutionising business models.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Asia is a diverse region, containing two of the most highly populated countries in the world (China and India) as well as countries with very low population densities (Mongolia); the continent also varies widely in levels of growth, urbanisation and geo-climate conditions—so there is no ‘one size fits all’ solution. On the whole, Asia is very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and is challenged by rapid urbanisation. The infrastructure buildup occurring to meet this urbanisation is trending towards linear, energy-intensive materials like cement, steel and glass; and what’s more, the increased demand for construction materials is placing pressure on the agricultural sector, as much-needed land and soils are fed into urban development and brick production.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The report \u003Cem>State of play for circular built environment in Asia\u003C/em> provides a snapshot of Asia’s circular built environment in 2020, with a focus on some of the continent’s fastest developing nations: India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan and Nepal. The study outlines the Asian context based on current developments in the built environment, and presents the catalysts for circularity across the continent. It also analyses different steps along the value chain of the built environment, pinpointing areas where circular strategies could be beneficial.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>In India as much as 80% of the housing and infrastructure needed to meet the demands of urbanisation is yet to be built—a trend that echoes across Asian nations in varying degrees. This signals huge potential for the implementation of circular strategies in the construction sector. Despite rapid urbanisation, the majority of the Asian population still lives in rural areas—which traditionally use lower impact materials like earth, stone and biomass resources (for example, timber and bamboo); materials which could continue to positively influence urban construction moving forward. Rammed earth architecture remains fairly common in rural regions, whereby soil is sourced onsite or locally, with very little cost and energy demand, as well as agri-residues which can be compressed and bonded to form wall panels and boards. Across the continent there is an abundance of circular principles incorporated in construction, despite trends towards more linear practices in urban centres. \u003C/p>",[489],{"name":387,"type":307,"value":387},{"id":150,"type":313,"cta":15,"cta_link":15,"created_at":491,"updated_at":492,"owner_id":132,"owner_relationship":277,"views":298,"owner":493,"image":15,"contributors":494,"article_locations":498,"article_industries":537,"view_count":298,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":538,"can_edit":311},"2020-12-17T14:53:25.130Z","2026-05-06T17:01:08.132Z",{"id":132,"type":133,"owner_id":132,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},[495,497],{"contributor_id":496},"1TI7-Q",{"contributor_id":132},[499,503,505,509,513,517,521,525,529,533],{"article_id":150,"location_id":500,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":501},"EGY",{"id":500,"type":287,"name":502,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Egypt",{"article_id":150,"location_id":284,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":504},{"id":284,"type":287,"name":288,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},{"article_id":150,"location_id":506,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":507},"KEN",{"id":506,"type":287,"name":508,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Kenya",{"article_id":150,"location_id":510,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":511},"NGA",{"id":510,"type":287,"name":512,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Nigeria",{"article_id":150,"location_id":514,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":515},"GHA",{"id":514,"type":287,"name":516,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Ghana",{"article_id":150,"location_id":518,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":519},"ETH",{"id":518,"type":287,"name":520,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Ethiopia",{"article_id":150,"location_id":522,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":523},"RWA",{"id":522,"type":287,"name":524,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Rwanda",{"article_id":150,"location_id":526,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":527},"UGA",{"id":526,"type":287,"name":528,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Uganda",{"article_id":150,"location_id":530,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":531},"MWI",{"id":530,"type":287,"name":532,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Malawi",{"article_id":150,"location_id":534,"created_at":140,"updated_at":15,"location":535},"ZMB",{"id":534,"type":287,"name":536,"color":15,"parent_location_id":289,"created_at":290,"updated_at":15},"Zambia",[],{"id":539,"score":264,"body":540,"status":310,"article_id":150,"created_at":491,"updated_at":548,"published_at":491},"BeU1",{"title":541,"outcome":542,"problem":543,"summary":544,"solution":545,"attachment":546},"State of play for circular built environment in Africa","\u003Cp>The report highlights how the proposed solutions can be implemented on-the-ground. A high proportion of demolition waste in Tanzania, for example, is readily able to be upcycled for reuse, and industrial waste like fly-ash has been found to have substantial potential in South Africa. Kenya is launching initiatives to reuse waste plastic into construction materials, while waste picker enterprises in Mali lead to high collection rates which in turn feeds livestock and enhances soil fertility. A number of traditional indigenous practices still occur, with great benefit to the land and the people—but these practices should be continuously strengthened through increased regulations and improved construction standards. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Africa has a booming rate of urbanisation: cities are growing in tandem with spiking populations—but so are informal settlements, often lacking electricity, water and solid waste collection. In most of the countries studied—Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Rwanda and Zambia—more than half the population live in such settlements. Most of these countries are faced with substantial housing backlogs, and there is a pressing need for large-scale construction. In addition, as people flock to cities for better job opportunities, urban areas have grown rapidly in informal and often disorganised manners. Although governments, companies and the communities themselves are working towards solving these issues, the magnitude of the problem paired with lacking resources hinders the quick implementation of solutions. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The report \u003Cem>State of play for circular built environment in Africa\u003C/em> provides a snapshot of Africa’s circular built environment in 2020, by focusing on Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Keyna, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia. The context of these countries is introduced in regards to the use of circular materials, the construction industry on the whole and waste management, and the report also delves into policy and legislation that supports circular principles in the built environment. Areas where further circular approaches could be taken are put forward and discussed, taking the form of policy recommendations.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Circular economy approaches can therefore be considered as a viable alternative to conventional strategies, as they are more cost-effective, environmentally sustainable and boost job creation. The report details common dwellings across the given countries, and finds that there are substantial opportunities to slash volumes of construction waste and boost recycling by applying circular strategies to design, regulation, standards and legislation, guided by local contexts. The report also notes the importance of avoiding early obsolescence, often a result of mass production and eventual dumping of poor-quality, unrepairable products. \u003C/p>",[547],{"name":387,"type":307,"value":387},"2025-01-17T16:13:18.413Z",{"id":164,"type":313,"cta":550,"cta_link":551,"created_at":552,"updated_at":553,"owner_id":276,"owner_relationship":277,"views":264,"owner":554,"image":555,"contributors":558,"article_locations":561,"article_industries":567,"view_count":264,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":580,"can_edit":311},"Learn more","https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/19/waste-not-want-not-sweden-tax-breaks-repairs","2020-10-01T14:38:17.949Z","2024-01-23T14:19:17.473Z",{"id":276,"type":133,"owner_id":276,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},{"id":556,"link":557,"alt":15,"source":15,"created_at":552,"updated_at":553,"article_id":164,"image_profile_id":15,"banner_profile_id":15},"au5tHWam2JA=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778092139180-lW1bQI2a.jpeg",[559,560],{"contributor_id":276},{"contributor_id":132},[562],{"article_id":164,"location_id":563,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"location":564},"SWE",{"id":563,"type":287,"name":565,"color":15,"parent_location_id":566,"created_at":332,"updated_at":15},"Sweden","EU",[568,574],{"article_id":164,"industry_id":569,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"industry":570},"education_and_government_services",{"id":569,"name":571,"description":572,"sector":573},"Education and Government Services","Providing public and private education and support services at any level or for any profession, and governmental and public administration services, including judicial, regulatory, and legislative activities, taxation, defence, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and the administration of government programmes","societal_services",{"article_id":164,"industry_id":575,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"industry":576},"personal_products_and_services",{"id":575,"name":577,"description":578,"sector":579},"Personal Products and Services","Producing and providing leisure and personal products and services for consumers, such as cleaning products, sports equipment and toys, personal and beauty care products, as well as domestic and personal services such as caretaking, cleaning, hairdressing and other beauty treatment, funeral and related activities","goods_and_services",{"id":581,"score":264,"body":582,"status":310,"article_id":164,"created_at":552,"updated_at":553,"published_at":552},"mPsS",{"title":583,"outcome":584,"problem":585,"summary":586,"solution":587,"attachment":588},"Swedish government tax break programme for repair","\u003Cp>Per Bolund, the Swedish minister for financial markets and consumer affairs, thinks that this small tax cut will be enough to spark the success of the repair industry in Sweden. It is also hoped that this industry stimulation will result in an abundance of new jobs for those that lack formal education. With this measure, the Swedish government also hopes to reduce carbon emissions for goods produced outside of the country’s borders, rather than those produced domestically.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>It is common for people to throw away an item or appliance when it breaks, rather than invest in the cost of repair—which can be hefty when accounting for VAT. The result? Tonnes and tonnes of fixable products and materials going to waste, and emissions rising in tandem with the increased consumption of new goods. While Sweden has slashed it's emissions by nearly a quarter since 1990, emissions related to consumption continue to rise.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Swedish government has introduced tax breaks on repairs for consumer goods, with the aim of inspiring people to fix their broken items rather than throwing them out. The government, composed of a Social Democrat and Green party coalition, submitted proposals to parliament in 2016 to cut the VAT rate on repairs from 25% to 12%. It will also submit a proposal that would allow people to get income tax deductions for repairs of larger household appliances. Through these measures, the government hopes to tackle emissions linked to consumption, buy both inspiring consumers to repair their goods and make it more financially attractive.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>To combat this issue, the Swedish government has issued a 50% tax break, reducing the VAT on repairs from 25% to 12%. Consumers can enjoy this benefit to repair anything, from clothing to bicycles to washing machines. For big-ticket items, like refrigerators ovens or dishwashers, consumers can also claim half the labour cost of the repair back on their income tax. \u003C/p>",[589,590,592,594],{"name":551,"type":307,"value":551},{"name":591,"type":307,"value":591},"https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6600336",{"name":593,"type":307,"value":593},"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/sweden-is-tackling-its-throwaway-culture-with-tax-breaks-on-repairs-will-it-work/",{"name":595,"type":307,"value":595},"https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-01-02/sweden-tries-curb-buy-and-throw-away-culture-through-tax-breaks",{"id":186,"type":313,"cta":15,"cta_link":15,"created_at":597,"updated_at":598,"owner_id":276,"owner_relationship":277,"views":264,"owner":599,"image":600,"contributors":603,"article_locations":614,"article_industries":617,"view_count":264,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":625,"can_edit":311},"2020-12-01T11:02:08.165Z","2023-12-28T18:01:55.052Z",{"id":276,"type":133,"owner_id":276,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},{"id":601,"link":602,"alt":15,"source":15,"created_at":597,"updated_at":598,"article_id":186,"image_profile_id":15,"banner_profile_id":15},"5VJOxu_13ok=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778092613517-eLufLwp8.jpeg",[604,606,607,609,611,613],{"contributor_id":605},"bd1tUw",{"contributor_id":276},{"contributor_id":608},"r5yGMQ",{"contributor_id":610},"RQGQFw",{"contributor_id":612},"uQPmNQ",{"contributor_id":132},[615],{"article_id":186,"location_id":326,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"location":616},{"id":326,"type":329,"name":330,"color":15,"parent_location_id":331,"created_at":332,"updated_at":15},[618,620],{"article_id":186,"industry_id":569,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"industry":619},{"id":569,"name":571,"description":572,"sector":573},{"article_id":186,"industry_id":621,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"industry":622},"water_and_sewage",{"id":621,"name":623,"description":624,"sector":573},"Water and Sewage","Providing water and sewage services, including water collection and distribution, water treatment systems and sewage treatment facilities",{"id":626,"score":264,"body":627,"status":310,"article_id":186,"created_at":597,"updated_at":598,"published_at":597},"OnFG",{"title":628,"outcome":629,"problem":630,"summary":631,"solution":632,"attachment":633},"Rainwater harvesting in Mexico City","\u003Cp>So far, more than 21,000 SCALLs have been installed in Mexico City's periphery. This translates into 870 million liters of water harvested every year and 130,000 users who directly benefit from rain water.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Over half a million people may survive for up to seven months without access to the metropolitan water infrastructure if the programme is effective.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Moreover, the effectiveness of this strategy could set a new precedent in urban governance, with whole areas of the city no longer depending on the government for daily access to this fundamental resource.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The provision and management of water resources is one of the most important areas related with Mexico City's environmental resilience. Dependence on external sources of supply, increased demand due to urbanisation, overexploitation of the aquifer, and inefficiencies in the water management system create a vulnerable situation, which is exacerbated by climate change's negative effects, such as increased water demand, degradation of catchment areas, and reduction in quality and recharge.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The natural availability of water in Mexico City is expected to decrease by 13 percent to 17 percent by 2050. Similarly, climate change can exacerbate current water infrastructure issues, such as lower rainfall, which is linked to supply cuts to ration consumption and ensure resource supply; or more intense rain, which exceeds the drainage system's discharge capacity, causing flooding and affecting mobility and public health.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Millions of residents of Mexico City lack access to running water—and those that do have access receive murky water for only a few hours a day. It is predicted that Mexico City will entirely run out of water by 2030, despite abundant water within the city from strong and frequent rainfall.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Mayor Claudia Sheinbaum—an environmental scientist who also sits on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—intends to combat this growing issue through several fronts in the Local Climate Action Strategy (ELAC) 2020-2040 and the Climate Action Programme of Mexico City (PACCM) 2020-2026. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The implementation of rainwater harvesting systems (SCALL) are positioned as one of the strategic lines of action in the design of the ELAC and the PACCM, in order to reduce the water vulnerability of Mexico City and strengthen the participatory and inclusive construction of resilience.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Mexico City has developed its Local Climate Action Strategy (ELAC) 2020-2040 and Climate Action Programme of Mexico City (PACCM) 2020-2026, which will integrate climate policy cross-cutting and coordinated in the long, medium, and short term, helping to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development's Sustainable Development Goals and meeting the Paris Agreement's goals.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The ELAC and the PACCM work to reduce community vulnerability and adaptive capacity in the face of climate change effects (community-based adaptation – AbC); reduce risks and increase the resilience of strategic infrastructure and productive systems (adaptation based on disaster risk reduction – DRR); and conserve and sustainably use ecosystems and ecosystem services (ecosystem-based adaptation – AbE).\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Rainwater harvesting systems (\"Sistemas de Captación de Agua de Lluvia\" (SCALL)) are a type of rainwater harvesting system that encourages the development and use of green technology, as well as water education and awareness, and ensures the involvement of the most vulnerable people. It also mitigates the harmful effects of flooding, ensures the human right to water and health, and promotes Mexico City's water security.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>To install the SCALL, the city government is collaborating with Isla Urbana, a non-profit organisation that has been building harvesting equipment since 2009. \u003C/p>",[634,636,638],{"name":635,"type":307,"value":635},"https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/mexico-citys-rain-harvesting-program-could-change-how-cities-manage-water",{"name":637,"type":307,"value":637},"https://islaurbana.org/english/",{"name":639,"type":307,"value":639},"http://www.data.sedema.cdmx.gob.mx/cambioclimaticocdmx/images/biblioteca_cc/PACCM-y-ELAC_uv.pdf",{"id":184,"type":313,"cta":15,"cta_link":15,"created_at":641,"updated_at":642,"owner_id":276,"owner_relationship":277,"views":264,"owner":643,"image":644,"contributors":647,"article_locations":658,"article_industries":663,"view_count":264,"like_count":264,"collection_count":298,"content":675,"can_edit":311},"2020-12-01T10:43:05.458Z","2023-12-28T18:01:26.619Z",{"id":276,"type":133,"owner_id":276,"about":15,"job_title":15,"url":15,"linkedin":15,"email":15,"staff_of_id":15,"organisation_id":15,"organisation":15},{"id":645,"link":646,"alt":15,"source":15,"created_at":641,"updated_at":642,"article_id":184,"image_profile_id":15,"banner_profile_id":15},"IomqVCG2SOc=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778092612672-mhktP6Tn.jpeg",[648,649,651,653,655,656,657],{"contributor_id":322},{"contributor_id":650},"aBKR8w",{"contributor_id":652},"Focw8Q",{"contributor_id":654},"IaHWVw",{"contributor_id":276},{"contributor_id":612},{"contributor_id":132},[659],{"article_id":184,"location_id":660,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"location":661},"3871336",{"id":660,"type":329,"name":662,"color":15,"parent_location_id":426,"created_at":429,"updated_at":15},"Santiago",[664,670],{"article_id":184,"industry_id":665,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"industry":666},"transportation_equipment",{"id":665,"name":667,"description":668,"sector":669},"Transportation Equipment","Producing transportation equipment for the movement of goods and people by air, rail, sea, and land, including airplanes, spacecraft and military equipment, ships, boats, rail locomotives and rolling stock, motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, and related equipment, as well as repair services for such equipment","transportation_and_logistics",{"article_id":184,"industry_id":671,"created_at":327,"updated_at":15,"industry":672},"passenger_transport_services",{"id":671,"name":673,"description":674,"sector":669},"Passenger Transport Services","Providing air, water, rail, and land transportation for passengers, such as airlines, airports, ferries, cruise-ships, tour boat operators, marine ports, railways, train stations, tour bus operators, vehicle rental, and taxi companies, travel agencies and related services",{"id":676,"score":264,"body":677,"status":310,"article_id":184,"created_at":641,"updated_at":642,"published_at":641},"nWsV",{"title":678,"outcome":679,"problem":680,"summary":681,"solution":682,"attachment":683},"Santiago's electric buses","\u003Cp>Since the beginning of 2019, Santiago is home to the largest fleet of electric buses outside of China. This fleet is estimated to have reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 20,630 tonnes of CO2e.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Although the city faces some barriers (such as insufficient charging infrastructure), the policies have shown some early success: fare dodging on buses has been reduced by 6.5% since the introduction of the electric fleet, for example, as residents recognise the health and environmental benefits of electrified public transport.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The city of Santiago, Chile’s capital, has a blossoming economy and strong mining industry, and because of this, the city is growing at a rapid pace. This growth also means that the city is becoming increasingly polluted. In fact, the city was one of the most polluted capital cities in Latin America. Smog has become a serious problem for Santiago’s residents—in 2016, a state of environmental emergency was declared as air quality ‘reached alarming levels’.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Santiago, Chile, has expanded its fleet of electric buses to more than 400. This has resulted in significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, and has improved opinion of the bus system among riders. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Since then, the city has launched a programme to address these challenges and intended to increase the number of electric vehicles by ten within a two-year period. By March 2020, the city has launched a fleet of more than 400 electric buses, charged partially by solar power. The city has set a target of full electrification by 2035. Residents have also been incentivised to switch to more energy efficient vehicles through exemptions from environmental taxes and traffic restrictions.\u003C/p>",[684],{"name":685,"type":307,"value":685},"https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/db408b53-276c-47d6-8b05-52e53b1208e1/e-bus-case-study-Santiago-From-pilots-to-scale-Zebra-paper.pdf",[]]