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At least 15 small-scale recycling businesses have cropped up with support from UNILEVER creating additional socio-economic benefits.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The program also had a positive impact on the green spaces which increased from 269.29 acres in 2006 to 274.44 acres in 2007.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The Clean and Green program is hence an example that showcases the vitality of grassroots level interventions in waste management.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The city of Surabaya located in Jawa Timur province is one of the largest economic centers in Indonesia due to its proximity to the port.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The city faced a waste crisis in 2001 when the sole landfill site Keputih, serving around 3 million inhabitants was closed, leading to 155 temporary disposal sites around the city.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The waste generated in Surabaya peaked in 2001 at around 1,512 tonnes of waste per day with approximately 1,281 being landfilled. Organic waste held the higher fraction in the waste composition at 57% and the non-organics such as paper (14%), plastic (16%), and others (11.6%) comprised the rest. It was noticed that a large portion of the total waste generation could be traced back to residential areas. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>When a prominent landfill site in the city of Surabaya had closed, it paved way for a serious waste crisis in the city with waste piling up on the streets. In response, the city municipality in partnership with the Japanese city of Kitakyushu and local NGOs, formulated the ‘Clean and Green initiative’ to induce grassroots level knowledge and implementation of waste management practices.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The program had a positive impact on the city’s waste management leading to a lower percentage of waste diverted to landfills along with significant social and environmental benefits.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The program is a benchmark in Indonesian waste management practices, and the city of Surabaya has hence been facilitated with several international awards for achievements in improving the environment. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Understanding the fact that residential waste comprises a higher fraction in the city, the Surabaya municipality developed a community-based waste management program called the ‘Clean and Green initiative’ in 2004.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>This was in partnership with Kitakyushu International Techno-cooperative Association (KITA) from Kitakyushu City overseeing the technical cooperation, and Pusdakota, which is a local NGO operating in Surabaya City.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The program involved training the residents in the principles of 3Rs, reduce, reuse and recycle. With assistance from KITA, a composting facility was set up and the participants in the community program were provided with a low-cost composting basket, thus establishing household composting activities.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>In 2005, the government further popularized the initiative through several competitions which helped in scaling the program. The competitions encompassed several aspects such as waste management, recycling, cleanliness, greenery, and others.\u003C/p>",[205,208,210],{"name":206,"type":207,"value":206},"https://www.uclg-cisdp.org/en/news/latest-news/green-and-clean-initiative-surabaya-indonesia","link",{"name":209,"type":207,"value":209},"https://www.uclg-cisdp.org/en/observatory/green-and-clean-initiative#:~:text=Policy%20development-,Surabaya%20Green%20and%20Clean%20Initiative%20is%20a%20community%2Dbased%20waste,water%20drainage%2C%20and%20trees%20planting.",{"name":211,"type":207,"value":211},"https://mirror.unhabitat.org/bp/bp.list.details.aspx?bp_id=1217","published",false,{"id":19,"type":167,"cta":6,"cta_link":6,"created_at":215,"updated_at":216,"owner_id":4,"owner_relationship":170,"views":160,"owner":217,"image":218,"contributors":221,"article_locations":223,"article_industries":230,"view_count":160,"like_count":160,"collection_count":160,"content":231,"can_edit":213},"2022-05-18T12:23:37.224Z","2022-05-18T12:23:37.309Z",{"id":4,"type":5,"owner_id":4,"about":6,"job_title":6,"url":6,"linkedin":6,"email":6,"staff_of_id":6,"organisation_id":6,"organisation":6},{"id":219,"link":220,"alt":6,"source":6,"created_at":215,"updated_at":216,"article_id":19,"image_profile_id":6,"banner_profile_id":6},"bDiQKAQiQnk=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778157167965-SS6n9_uJ.jpeg",[222],{"contributor_id":4},[224],{"article_id":19,"location_id":187,"created_at":225,"updated_at":6,"location":226},"2026-05-07T12:32:29.755Z",{"id":187,"type":227,"name":228,"color":6,"parent_location_id":229,"created_at":188,"updated_at":6},"country","Indonesia","AS",[],{"id":232,"score":160,"body":233,"status":212,"article_id":19,"created_at":215,"updated_at":216,"published_at":215},"30Nn",{"title":234,"outcome":235,"problem":236,"summary":237,"solution":238,"attachment":239},"Community managed Decentralized waste management in Indonesia","\u003Cp>Each KIPRAH facility serves around 300-1000 households and employs 2-8 persons for the operations. Every single facility is said to produce around 800kgs of fertilizer which is sold to farmers and municipalities for manuring public green spaces. 17 KIPRAH facilities were piloted by the organizations and are located in Banten Province (Tangerang Selatan City); Yogyakarta Province (Cities of Sleman, Bantul, Gunungkidul and Kulon Progo); East Java Province (Sidoarjo). As of 2016, the KIPRAH VER (voluntary Emission reduction) was certified by Gold Standard for the monitoring period 2013-2015. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The landfills in Indonesia are currently reaching their maximum capacity thus necessitating alternative means to manage waste. The waste management in Indonesia is largely monopolized and is a government provided service. The increasing pressure on the system calls for decentralized modes of waste collection and treatment. Small scale decentralized modes of waste treatment offer an opportunity for efficiency of waste segregation, community involvement and other socio-economic benefits through employment. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Waste disposal through landfilling increases climate risks through methane emissions and poses multitude of threats to the vicinities. The KIPRAH project is an initiative implemented by BORDA and its partners, in 17 locations in Indonesia to reduce pressure on these overutilized landfills by mobilizing community involvement in decentralized waste management facilities. The project attempts to reduce climate risks through low-cost scientific manner of waste handling along with deriving co-benefits for the participating communities.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>KIPRAH is a decentralized community managed solid waste management initiative developed by International Development Research Center (IDRC) and Bremen Overseas Research Development (BORDA) between 2006-2009. KIPRAH is an acronym for Kita-Pro-Sampah which translates to “we-pro-waste”. The project is focused on urban poor communities who are often excluded from the mainstream waste management projects in a city. The main components of the project are the Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) and the Community based organizations who manage the facilities. The waste from communities is brought to these facilities where the operators separate recyclables from organic waste. The recyclables such as plastic, glass etc. are processed further and sold whereas the organic waste is composted into fertilizers. The composting process utilizes a technique called ‘bamboo aeration’ which guarantees the supply of air into the organic waste thus reducing the emission of methane. This process hence provides a sustainable alternative to landfills since the methane emissions from landfills increasingly threaten the microclimate of the region.  The facilities are run with the monthly fees paid by households as well as the revenues gained from the end products along with some donor funds. BORDA and its partners train the community for the successful operation and maintenance of the facilities. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",[240,242],{"name":241,"type":207,"value":241},"https://www.atmosfair.de/en/climate-protection-projects/biogas-biomass/indonesia/",{"name":243,"type":207,"value":243},"https://uccrn.ei.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/pubs/ARC3.2-PDF-Chapter-15-Urban-Solid-Waste-wecompress.com_.pdf",[]]