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The built environment must also meet the ever-changing needs of residents and visitors. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>- From 2023, use circular criteria as the standard when working on buildings and in public spaces through procurement and the tendering process for land allocation, among other things.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- By 2025, 50% of all renovations and building maintenance activities in Amsterdam will follow the principles of circular construction, including for social and private housing stock, public real estate and schools. \u003C/p>",[504,506],{"name":505,"type":387,"value":505},"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-11-12/paris-s-15-minute-city-could-be-coming-to-an-urban-area-near-you",{"name":507,"type":387,"value":507},"https://www.smartcitylab.com/blog/governance-finance/paris-15-minute-city/",{"id":97,"type":339,"cta":6,"cta_link":6,"created_at":509,"updated_at":510,"owner_id":4,"owner_relationship":342,"views":330,"owner":511,"image":6,"contributors":512,"article_locations":516,"article_industries":523,"view_count":330,"like_count":330,"collection_count":378,"content":542,"can_edit":389},"2021-08-19T16:21:42.059Z","2025-01-17T16:24:49.122Z",{"id":4,"type":5,"owner_id":4,"about":6,"job_title":6,"url":6,"linkedin":6,"email":6,"staff_of_id":6,"organisation_id":6,"organisation":6},[513,514,515],{"contributor_id":4},{"contributor_id":350},{"contributor_id":446},[517],{"article_id":97,"location_id":518,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"location":519},"3444876",{"id":518,"type":358,"name":520,"color":6,"parent_location_id":521,"created_at":522,"updated_at":6},"Volta Redonda","BRA","2026-02-27T07:55:25.880Z",[524,530,536],{"article_id":97,"industry_id":525,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"industry":526},"food_and_beverage",{"id":525,"name":527,"description":528,"sector":529},"Food and Beverage","Processing and producing food and beverages for consumption","agri_food",{"article_id":97,"industry_id":531,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"industry":532},"consumable_fuels",{"id":531,"name":533,"description":534,"sector":535},"Consumable Fuels","Producing and refining oil, gas, and other consumable fuels related to the generation of energy","materials_and_fuels",{"article_id":97,"industry_id":537,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"industry":538},"water_and_sewage",{"id":537,"name":539,"description":540,"sector":541},"Water and Sewage","Providing water and sewage services, including water collection and distribution, water treatment systems and sewage treatment facilities","societal_services",{"id":543,"score":330,"body":544,"status":388,"article_id":97,"created_at":509,"updated_at":510,"published_at":509},"0MDL",{"title":545,"summary":546,"attachment":547},"Volta Redonda's Eco-Oil Program turns cooking oil into biodiesel","\u003Cp>Volta Redonda, Brazil, launched the Eco-Oil program in partnership with the city government, civil society and private sector actors. The program collects used cooking oil waste to be reprocessed for reuse as biodiesel. Besides creating this valuable output, the program also helps prevent used cooking oil from entering the city's waterways and wastewater treatment system.\u003C/p>",[548],{"name":549,"type":387,"value":549},"https://publications.waset.org/10011983/analyzing-the-potential-of-job-creation-by-taking-the-first-step-towards-circular-economy-case-study-of-brazil",{"id":53,"type":339,"cta":6,"cta_link":6,"created_at":551,"updated_at":552,"owner_id":4,"owner_relationship":342,"views":330,"owner":553,"image":6,"contributors":554,"article_locations":557,"article_industries":562,"view_count":330,"like_count":330,"collection_count":378,"content":568,"can_edit":389},"2021-01-21T21:50:45.606Z","2025-01-17T16:21:00.869Z",{"id":4,"type":5,"owner_id":4,"about":6,"job_title":6,"url":6,"linkedin":6,"email":6,"staff_of_id":6,"organisation_id":6,"organisation":6},[555,556],{"contributor_id":441},{"contributor_id":4},[558],{"article_id":53,"location_id":559,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"location":560},"3448439",{"id":559,"type":358,"name":561,"color":6,"parent_location_id":521,"created_at":522,"updated_at":6},"São Paulo",[563],{"article_id":53,"industry_id":564,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"industry":565},"waste_management",{"id":564,"name":566,"description":567,"sector":541},"Waste Management","Collecting waste from households and businesses by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins, containers, etc., and providing treatment, incineration, materials recovery and reclamation, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste",{"id":569,"score":330,"body":570,"status":388,"article_id":53,"created_at":551,"updated_at":552,"published_at":551},"ufnc",{"title":571,"summary":572,"attachment":573},"São Paulo's organic waste diversion strategy","\u003Cp>'This paper defines São Paulo’s strategy for organic waste diversion, including collection treatment and recycling and their challenges for São Paulo. It builds on an assessment of São Paulo’s waste management by the City Assistance Project under the Climate and Clean Air Coalition Municipal Solid Waste Initiative, and a 2014-2033 Action Plan for organic waste in line with the city’s goals for integrated solid waste management.'\u003C/p>",[574,576],{"name":575,"type":387,"value":575},"https://www.renewablematter.eu/articles/article/colombia-chooses-the-circular-economy",{"name":577,"type":387,"value":577},"https://www.cccs.org.co/wp/download/comite-tecnico-actualizacion-de-la-estrategia-nacional-de-economia-circular-del-ministerio-de-ambiente-y-desarrollo-so/?wpdmdl=19635",{"id":181,"type":339,"cta":6,"cta_link":6,"created_at":579,"updated_at":580,"owner_id":4,"owner_relationship":342,"views":330,"owner":581,"image":6,"contributors":582,"article_locations":584,"article_industries":588,"view_count":330,"like_count":330,"collection_count":330,"content":589,"can_edit":389},"2021-01-21T21:41:25.408Z","2025-01-17T16:20:45.137Z",{"id":4,"type":5,"owner_id":4,"about":6,"job_title":6,"url":6,"linkedin":6,"email":6,"staff_of_id":6,"organisation_id":6,"organisation":6},[583],{"contributor_id":4},[585],{"article_id":181,"location_id":559,"created_at":586,"updated_at":6,"location":587},"2026-05-07T12:32:29.755Z",{"id":559,"type":358,"name":561,"color":6,"parent_location_id":521,"created_at":522,"updated_at":6},[],{"id":590,"score":330,"body":591,"status":388,"article_id":181,"created_at":579,"updated_at":580,"published_at":579},"27vL",{"title":592,"outcome":593,"problem":594,"summary":595,"solution":595,"attachment":596},"São Paulo: Decentralised composting yards collecting and composting organic waste from street markets and households","\u003Cp>The composting facilities or ‘yards’ handle up to 50 tonnes of waste a day and, in 2018, were estimated to avoid about 1,920 tonnes of CO2e emissions annually. [1] As a result, compost from street markets is used in the maintenance of public spaces in the city. However, these maintenance activities were estimated not to be enough at the moment to absorb 100% of the compost production foreseen in the city’s Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan [2], so compost is also sometimes given away for free to visitors. The project also includes an urban garden programmes in which citizens are encouraged to grow their own food. [3]\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>São Paulo has 883 street markets which generate 34,000 tonnes of organic waste per year. The municipality generates an additional 39,000 tonnes from tree and plant pruning.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>A system of decentralised composting locations allows São Paulo to divert large amounts of organic waste from landfills and produce compost.\u003C/p>",[597,598],{"name":577,"type":387,"value":577},{"name":575,"type":387,"value":575},{"id":17,"type":339,"cta":392,"cta_link":600,"created_at":601,"updated_at":602,"owner_id":434,"owner_relationship":342,"views":378,"owner":603,"image":604,"contributors":608,"article_locations":614,"article_industries":622,"view_count":378,"like_count":330,"collection_count":378,"content":632,"can_edit":389},"http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-11-26/news/68582088_1_plastic-waste-road-construction-road-developers","2020-10-01T14:43:48.513Z","2026-05-08T00:18:34.214Z",{"id":434,"type":5,"owner_id":434,"about":6,"job_title":6,"url":6,"linkedin":6,"email":6,"staff_of_id":6,"organisation_id":6,"organisation":6},{"id":605,"link":606,"alt":6,"source":6,"created_at":601,"updated_at":607,"article_id":17,"image_profile_id":6,"banner_profile_id":6},"lYcXxDfXgjM=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778083060480-kmTgZWUJ.jpeg","2024-01-23T12:06:32.574Z",[609,610,611,613],{"contributor_id":441},{"contributor_id":4},{"contributor_id":612},"iM0hkw",{"contributor_id":434},[615],{"article_id":17,"location_id":616,"created_at":13,"updated_at":6,"location":617},"IND",{"id":616,"type":618,"name":619,"color":6,"parent_location_id":620,"created_at":621,"updated_at":6},"country","India","AS","2026-02-27T07:54:47.162Z",[623,625,627],{"article_id":17,"industry_id":564,"created_at":13,"updated_at":6,"industry":624},{"id":564,"name":566,"description":567,"sector":541},{"article_id":17,"industry_id":416,"created_at":13,"updated_at":6,"industry":626},{"id":416,"name":418,"description":419,"sector":420},{"article_id":17,"industry_id":628,"created_at":13,"updated_at":6,"industry":629},"chemical_and_plastic",{"id":628,"name":630,"description":631,"sector":535},"Chemical and Plastic","Producing basic and specialty chemicals, inks, agricultural chemical such as fertilisers and pesticides, plastics including packaging, and rubber",{"id":633,"score":330,"body":634,"status":388,"article_id":17,"created_at":601,"updated_at":607,"published_at":601},"A_Mb",{"title":635,"outcome":636,"problem":637,"summary":638,"solution":639,"attachment":640},"Government program to reuse plastic in roads","\u003Cp>As of July 2021, 703 km of National Highways have been constructed using waste plastic in wearing coat of flexible pavement, which include the 270 km-long Jammu Kashmir National highway.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Since 2018, the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram (MCG) have also used plastic waste in its roads, and made it mandatory in the construction of arterial roads. Municipality of Tamil Nadu has also built an 11-km road using plastic waste. Overall, India has built 100,000 km of roads in at least 11 states.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>A study by the Central Pollution Control Board revealed that India generates 5,600,000 tonne of plastic waste annually, as the city of Delhi, for example, produces close to 7,000 tonne of waste every day, of which over 10 per cent is pure plastic.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Of all the plastic waste, it was also revealed by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) that 43 percent are from packaging and single-use plastics. Consequently, almost 80 percent of total plastic produced in India is discarded. Some of it is either burnt leading to air pollution, ends up in landfills or clogs drains. It chokes animals who eat plastic bags. Plastics found in fields blocks germination and prevent rainwater absorption.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Indian government has made the use of waste plastic in road construction mandatory to reduce plastic waste. All roads constructed within 50 km of the periphery of any city with a population of over 500,000 must use a 'plastic mix'. The ‘plastic mix’ (combined with traditional materials) is cheaper than 100 percet bitumen road and increases life expectancy by raising water resistance. An additional income stream for local councils is created from the sale of plastic waste.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>In 2015, the government has made it mandatory for road developers to use waste plastic along with bituminous mixes for road construction to overcome the growing problem of disposal of plastic waste in India’s urban centres.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Plastic waste will have to be used along with hot mixes for constructing bitumen roads within 50 km of periphery of any city that has a population of over 500,000. The mix typically consists of 6-8 percent plastic, while 92-94 percent is bitumen. In case of non-availability of waste plastic, the developer has to seek the road transport & highways ministry’s approval for constructing only bitumen roads.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Besides improving environment sustainability, roads made by plastics are found more durable and cost-effective. Plastic and bitumen bond well together because both are petroleum products. This combination enhances the road’s ability to carry weight, as well as its life. The roads also show greater resistance to damages caused by heavy rains.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>In addition, government expected this measure to bring down the cost for road developers for one km of road length. Meanwhile, urban local bodies, which are usually short of financial resources, can make money by selling the plastic waste generated by cities to road developers.\u003C/p>",[641,643,645],{"name":642,"type":387,"value":642},"https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/1-lakh-km-of-road-built-using-plastic-waste-govt-aims-to-double-it/story-iwmkiKjlG86BYIDlg2aLtM.html",{"name":644,"type":387,"value":644},"https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/government-makes-use-of-plastic-waste-in-road-construction-mandatory/articleshow/49919167.cms?from=mdr",{"name":646,"type":387,"value":646},"https://www.prakati.in/use-of-plastic-for-road-construction-in-india/",{"id":43,"type":339,"cta":6,"cta_link":6,"created_at":648,"updated_at":649,"owner_id":434,"owner_relationship":342,"views":330,"owner":650,"image":651,"contributors":654,"article_locations":664,"article_industries":670,"view_count":330,"like_count":330,"collection_count":378,"content":678,"can_edit":389},"2020-12-01T11:02:08.165Z","2023-12-28T18:01:55.052Z",{"id":434,"type":5,"owner_id":434,"about":6,"job_title":6,"url":6,"linkedin":6,"email":6,"staff_of_id":6,"organisation_id":6,"organisation":6},{"id":652,"link":653,"alt":6,"source":6,"created_at":648,"updated_at":649,"article_id":43,"image_profile_id":6,"banner_profile_id":6},"5VJOxu_13ok=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778092613517-eLufLwp8.jpeg",[655,656,657,659,661,662],{"contributor_id":4},{"contributor_id":434},{"contributor_id":658},"r5yGMQ",{"contributor_id":660},"RQGQFw",{"contributor_id":446},{"contributor_id":663},"z9DFSQ",[665],{"article_id":43,"location_id":666,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"location":667},"3530597",{"id":666,"type":358,"name":668,"color":6,"parent_location_id":669,"created_at":493,"updated_at":6},"Mexico City","MEX",[671,676],{"article_id":43,"industry_id":672,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"industry":673},"education_and_government_services",{"id":672,"name":674,"description":675,"sector":541},"Education and Government Services","Providing public and private education and support services at any level or for any profession, and governmental and public administration services, including judicial, regulatory, and legislative activities, taxation, defence, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and the administration of government programmes",{"article_id":43,"industry_id":537,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"industry":677},{"id":537,"name":539,"description":540,"sector":541},{"id":679,"score":330,"body":680,"status":388,"article_id":43,"created_at":648,"updated_at":649,"published_at":648},"OnFG",{"title":681,"outcome":682,"problem":683,"summary":684,"solution":685,"attachment":686},"Rainwater harvesting in Mexico City","\u003Cp>So far, more than 21,000 SCALLs have been installed in Mexico City's periphery. This translates into 870 million liters of water harvested every year and 130,000 users who directly benefit from rain water.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Over half a million people may survive for up to seven months without access to the metropolitan water infrastructure if the programme is effective.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Moreover, the effectiveness of this strategy could set a new precedent in urban governance, with whole areas of the city no longer depending on the government for daily access to this fundamental resource.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The provision and management of water resources is one of the most important areas related with Mexico City's environmental resilience. Dependence on external sources of supply, increased demand due to urbanisation, overexploitation of the aquifer, and inefficiencies in the water management system create a vulnerable situation, which is exacerbated by climate change's negative effects, such as increased water demand, degradation of catchment areas, and reduction in quality and recharge.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The natural availability of water in Mexico City is expected to decrease by 13 percent to 17 percent by 2050. Similarly, climate change can exacerbate current water infrastructure issues, such as lower rainfall, which is linked to supply cuts to ration consumption and ensure resource supply; or more intense rain, which exceeds the drainage system's discharge capacity, causing flooding and affecting mobility and public health.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Millions of residents of Mexico City lack access to running water—and those that do have access receive murky water for only a few hours a day. It is predicted that Mexico City will entirely run out of water by 2030, despite abundant water within the city from strong and frequent rainfall.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Mayor Claudia Sheinbaum—an environmental scientist who also sits on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change—intends to combat this growing issue through several fronts in the Local Climate Action Strategy (ELAC) 2020-2040 and the Climate Action Programme of Mexico City (PACCM) 2020-2026. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The implementation of rainwater harvesting systems (SCALL) are positioned as one of the strategic lines of action in the design of the ELAC and the PACCM, in order to reduce the water vulnerability of Mexico City and strengthen the participatory and inclusive construction of resilience.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Mexico City has developed its Local Climate Action Strategy (ELAC) 2020-2040 and Climate Action Programme of Mexico City (PACCM) 2020-2026, which will integrate climate policy cross-cutting and coordinated in the long, medium, and short term, helping to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development's Sustainable Development Goals and meeting the Paris Agreement's goals.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The ELAC and the PACCM work to reduce community vulnerability and adaptive capacity in the face of climate change effects (community-based adaptation – AbC); reduce risks and increase the resilience of strategic infrastructure and productive systems (adaptation based on disaster risk reduction – DRR); and conserve and sustainably use ecosystems and ecosystem services (ecosystem-based adaptation – AbE).\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Rainwater harvesting systems (\"Sistemas de Captación de Agua de Lluvia\" (SCALL)) are a type of rainwater harvesting system that encourages the development and use of green technology, as well as water education and awareness, and ensures the involvement of the most vulnerable people. It also mitigates the harmful effects of flooding, ensures the human right to water and health, and promotes Mexico City's water security.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>To install the SCALL, the city government is collaborating with Isla Urbana, a non-profit organisation that has been building harvesting equipment since 2009. \u003C/p>",[687,689,691],{"name":688,"type":387,"value":688},"https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/mexico-citys-rain-harvesting-program-could-change-how-cities-manage-water",{"name":690,"type":387,"value":690},"https://islaurbana.org/english/",{"name":692,"type":387,"value":692},"http://www.data.sedema.cdmx.gob.mx/cambioclimaticocdmx/images/biblioteca_cc/PACCM-y-ELAC_uv.pdf",{"id":39,"type":339,"cta":6,"cta_link":6,"created_at":694,"updated_at":695,"owner_id":696,"owner_relationship":342,"views":330,"owner":697,"image":698,"contributors":701,"article_locations":708,"article_industries":723,"view_count":330,"like_count":330,"collection_count":378,"content":729,"can_edit":389},"2020-11-27T15:10:44.343Z","2023-12-28T17:59:24.830Z","xMcGdw",{"id":696,"type":5,"owner_id":696,"about":6,"job_title":6,"url":6,"linkedin":6,"email":6,"staff_of_id":6,"organisation_id":6,"organisation":6},{"id":699,"link":700,"alt":6,"source":6,"created_at":694,"updated_at":695,"article_id":39,"image_profile_id":6,"banner_profile_id":6},"H3QUPglHKdI=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778092608490-5CA3RAmv.jpeg",[702,703,705,706,707],{"contributor_id":4},{"contributor_id":704},"L-bxzA",{"contributor_id":486},{"contributor_id":696},{"contributor_id":663},[709,715,719],{"article_id":39,"location_id":710,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"location":711},"SA",{"id":710,"type":712,"name":713,"color":714,"parent_location_id":6,"created_at":493,"updated_at":6},"region","South America","#04BD48",{"article_id":39,"location_id":716,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"location":717},"ARG",{"id":716,"type":618,"name":718,"color":6,"parent_location_id":710,"created_at":493,"updated_at":6},"Argentina",{"article_id":39,"location_id":720,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"location":721},"3838583",{"id":720,"type":358,"name":722,"color":6,"parent_location_id":716,"created_at":493,"updated_at":6},"Rosario",[724],{"article_id":39,"industry_id":725,"created_at":356,"updated_at":6,"industry":726},"agriculture",{"id":725,"name":727,"description":728,"sector":529},"Agriculture","Producing and gathering crop and animal products from land and water through farming, hunting, and fishing",{"id":730,"score":330,"body":731,"status":388,"article_id":39,"created_at":694,"updated_at":695,"published_at":694},"eAQr",{"title":732,"outcome":733,"problem":734,"summary":735,"solution":736,"attachment":737},"Rosario, Argentina: Programa de Agricultura Urbana","\u003Cp>Although some people abandoned their gardens after the worst phase of the financial crisis had passed, the PAU was left with at least 600 gardening groups still committed to using urban farming to create jobs and fight poverty in Rosario—and producing vegetables for an estimated 40 000 people. The programme eventually created several weekly markets throughout the city, allowing farmers to transport and sell their produce in a simple, coordinated manner. The markets also sell goods made from the gardens’ produce: tinctures, natural cosmetics, pickled vegetables, sauces, syrups and jams. Overall, the programme was considered a great success, with the UN declaring Rosario as one of the best cities in the world regarding practices to improve the living conditions of society. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp> Since the military took power in Argentina in 1976, poverty and food insecurity have been growing. As privatisation and deregulation programmes were implemented in the 1990s destitution—and job loss—increased further, leading to raids on supermarkets and hundreds of protesters demanding work or assistance. In January 2002, the Argentinian peso was driven down to one-third of its value, sending thousands of residents into a critical financial period. The city, which was once an industrial hotspot, has closed many of its steel, chemical and paper factories, further exacerbating the situation and driving unemployment to 33%. At this point, 60% of the population was living below the poverty line. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Programa de Agricultura Urbana, based in the municipality of Rosario, Argentina, has been implemented over the last several years to combat the poverty and food insecurity that arose from decades of political and economic instability. The programme facilitates the growth of urban farming in the city, providing those who take part with new knowledge and livelihoods, and members of the community with fresh, local food. The city is now viewed as a key example of how agriculture can be integrated into urban development, finding a solution to both social and environmental issues.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The local government of Rosario—a city about 300 kilometres northwest of Buenos Aires—launched the Programa de Agricultura Urbana, which was originally intended to amplify the municipality’s food donations to those in need. Eventually, people were given materials to start their own urban farms or gardens, and classes were held weekly on organic farming methods. Very quickly, Rosario—a city of one million—saw the formation of 800 gardening groups, as formerly degraded places were transformed into productive green spaces. Areas that were unsuitable for building were used for these farms: land along railways and highways, low-lying peri-urban land susceptible to flooding, and intended greenbelts that had not been developed as such due to a lack of funding. Farmers were given a small monthly subsidy of about 40 euros under the ‘unemployed heads of household plan’ to tide them over before the gardens started to produce. Those interested were provided with training and knowledge in a myriad of fields: production, management and sustainable use of medicinal plants, municipal solid waste recycling, community activism and ethical consumption, to name a few.\u003C/p>",[738],{"name":739,"type":387,"value":739},"https://www.afd.fr/en/ressources/afd-food-cities",[]]