[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"settings":3,"$fGphy-f9c87fLIfGmMzaNnwqklBwdtfUE6eGXuQZMOag":82,"profile-collections-N6g27w":111,"profile-counts-N6g27w":112,"skip-collection-counts":16,"/api/profile/N6g27w/articles?section=published":120,"profile-liked-collections-N6g27w-published-seeAll":209},{"data":4,"meta":81},{"id":5,"documentId":6,"createdAt":7,"updatedAt":8,"publishedAt":9,"nav_secondary":10,"nav_primary":11},74,"cq0rcn2xoi5no1yfyvbgyln1","2025-06-22T14:25:01.818Z","2026-05-26T16:26:38.254Z","2026-05-26T16:26:38.726Z",[],[12,18,46,51,56,76],{"id":13,"label":14,"url":15,"disable_label_url":16,"children_links":17},699,"About","/about",null,[],{"id":19,"label":20,"url":21,"disable_label_url":16,"children_links":22},703,"Focus areas","programmes",[23,26,30,34,38,42],{"id":24,"label":20,"url":25},1651,"/programmes",{"id":27,"label":28,"url":29},1652,"Cities & regions","/programmes/cities",{"id":31,"label":32,"url":33},1653,"Finance & economics","/programmes/finance",{"id":35,"label":36,"url":37},1654,"Textiles & fashion","/programmes/textiles",{"id":39,"label":40,"url":41},1655,"Jobs & employment","/programmes/jobs",{"id":43,"label":44,"url":45},1656,"Global value chains","/programmes/value-chains",{"id":47,"label":48,"url":49,"disable_label_url":16,"children_links":50},700,"Services","/services",[],{"id":52,"label":53,"url":54,"disable_label_url":16,"children_links":55},701,"Impact","/impact",[],{"id":57,"label":58,"url":59,"disable_label_url":16,"children_links":60},704,"CGR","/cgr",[61,64,68,72],{"id":62,"label":63,"url":59},1657,"About CGR",{"id":65,"label":66,"url":67},1658,"CGR Global","/cgr/cgr-global",{"id":69,"label":70,"url":71},1659,"CGR Nations","/cgr/cgr-national",{"id":73,"label":74,"url":75},1660,"CGR Regions & cities","/cgr/cgr-regions-cities",{"id":77,"label":78,"url":79,"disable_label_url":16,"children_links":80},702,"Resources","/knowledge-hub/search",[],{},{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"owner":85,"banner":16,"profile":88,"organisation":16,"staff_of":16,"staff":92,"contributes_to":93,"administrators":100,"profile_locations":101,"profile_industries":102,"profile_framework_elements":103,"contributorCount":104,"organisationName":16,"location_ids":105,"industry_ids":106,"interest_area_ids":107,"location_labels":108,"industry_labels":109,"interest_area_labels":110},"N6g27w","user",{"id":83,"first_name":86,"last_name":87},"Anna ","Delgado",{"id":89,"link":90,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"article_id":16,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":83},"Gs70PwQfUBKty8HoOWxHgDCiR","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/profile-avatar/1778155401144-lNqyD_3S.png","2026-05-07T12:03:06.369Z",[],[94,96,98],{"article_id":95},"24958",{"article_id":97},"24991",{"article_id":99},"26245",[],[],[],[],3,[],[],[],[],[],[],[],{"liked":113,"likedByType":114,"published":104,"publishedByType":115,"draft":113,"draftByType":118,"pendingReview":113,"pendingReviewByType":119,"likedCollections":113},0,{"business_case":113,"policy_case":113,"blog":113,"resource":113,"report":113},{"business_case":116,"policy_case":117,"blog":113,"resource":113,"report":113},2,1,{"business_case":113,"policy_case":113,"blog":113,"resource":113,"report":113},{"business_case":113,"policy_case":113,"blog":113,"resource":113,"report":113},[121,163,187],{"id":97,"type":122,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":123,"updated_at":124,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":125,"views":126,"owner":127,"image":128,"contributors":132,"article_locations":134,"article_industries":142,"view_count":126,"like_count":113,"collection_count":117,"content":149,"can_edit":162},"business_case","2023-07-25T13:53:40.499Z","2026-05-29T11:06:11.253Z","collaborator",17,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":129,"link":130,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":123,"updated_at":131,"article_id":97,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"furSNRSvamw=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778155401942-SeImFrWP.jpeg","2025-01-17T15:39:45.945Z",[133],{"contributor_id":83},[135],{"article_id":97,"location_id":136,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"location":137},"1264527",{"id":136,"type":138,"name":139,"color":16,"parent_location_id":140,"created_at":141,"updated_at":16},"city","Chennai","IND","2026-02-27T07:54:47.162Z",[143],{"article_id":97,"industry_id":144,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":145},"water_and_sewage",{"id":144,"name":146,"description":147,"sector":148},"Water and Sewage","Providing water and sewage services, including water collection and distribution, water treatment systems and sewage treatment facilities","societal_services",{"id":150,"score":113,"body":151,"status":161,"article_id":97,"created_at":123,"updated_at":131,"published_at":123},"qsEA",{"title":152,"outcome":153,"problem":154,"summary":155,"solution":156,"attachment":157},"Applying circular economy principles in the water sector: Wastewater reuse for industrial purposes, energy generation from wastewater and increased resilience. The case of Chennai, India.","\u003Cp>The implementation of various projects yielded positive outcomes for Chennai's water management. Wastewater reuse for industrial purposes provided a reliable water source for industries, ensuring their operations continued smoothly even during water scarcity periods. This reduced water scarcity risks and resulted in substantial cost savings for the industrial sector.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Moreover, the revenue generated from selling treated sewage to industries significantly improved CMWSSB's financial sustainability. The revenue from wastewater reuse helped cover the operation and maintenance costs of the treatment systems, further contributing to their efficiency.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Energy recovery from sewage sludge reduced grid dependence and lowered operational costs for sewage treatment plants. The use of biogas for electricity generation also resulted in a considerable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, making the wastewater treatment operations more environmentally friendly.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Additionally, CMWSSB's plans for indirect potable reuse further strengthened water resilience by augmenting water supply and diversifying water sources.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Overall, CMWSSB's innovative and sustainable initiatives significantly improved water management in Chennai. Their efforts not only addressed water challenges but also contributed to building a more resilient and sustainable water supply system for the city's continued growth and development.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Chennai, a city on the Southern coast of India and the state capital of Tamil Nadu, has one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. Chennai is the automotive hub of India and is also home to several other industries ranging from petrochemical, hardware manufacturing, textile and apparel. Besides industries, Chennai’s economic activities include medical tourism, software, and financial services. Recent estimates of the economy of the Chennai Metropolitan Area have ranged from US$79 to US$86 billion (PPP GDP), ranking it from fourth to sixth most productive metro area of India. Due to urbanization and economic growth, Chennai’s population has increased more than 50% in the last two decades, becoming the fourth largest city in India with over 10 million people and extending over 426 km2 .\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The rapid growth of the city has created several water challenges:\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>- Water supply has not been able to keep up with demand.\u003C/em> Chennai has historically relied on ground water that provide between 100 – 120 MLD of water and four rainfed lakes (with a combined storage capacity of about 11,000 million cubic feet (mcft)) that have the potential to provide between 632 and 854 MLD of water depending on the monsoon season to meet the water needs of the city. However, the demand for water in the city has increased more than 50% in the last decade up to 1,200 MLD due to industrial development, increasing population and due to larger per capita needs triggered by economic growth. Per capita availability of water dropping from 1,816 cubic meters (CM) in 2001 to 1,545 CM per year today. There is an existing gap between the water demand and the combined water supply from all sources. Households are then forced to supplement this gap with their own bore wells and/or tanker water supply to meet their water needs.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>- Extreme weather events further aggravate the issue. \u003C/em>Since the city is entirely dependent on rains for recharging its water resources, monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and droughts. The city usually gets 1200 mm of rain between mid-October and mid-December that help replenish surface and groundwater sources. However, Chennai city is regularly, over cycles measured in years, afflicted by severe floods and droughts. In the last two decades, the city has seen floods in 2005, 2010 and 2015, book-ended by droughts in 2003-04 and 2016-2018.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>- The unplanned expansion of the city at the expense of water has led to the contraction of water bodies\u003C/em> in and around the city from 12.6 km2 in 1893 to 3.2 km2 in 2017. These water bodies were important in providing Chennai with water during drought periods and to be a buffer during heavy rains.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Growing population and failing monsoons have necessitated bringing water from distant sources and from desalination plants, increasing the cost of water supply. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>To protect against the vagaries of nature, build resilience, and increase water availability, the Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) in Chennai, India, embarked on several projects and investments to diversify water supply and to become more circular and resilient to droughts. Since 2005, CMWSSB has been implementing several projects to treat and reuse wastewater for several purposes. As part of this effort, CMWSSB sells treated wastewater to industrial users and with the additional revenues, it can cover all operating and maintenance costs. CMWSSB also retrofitted seven of its wastewater treatment plants to recover energy from wastewater and to supply more than 50 percent of the energy needs of all the plants, saving on energy costs and helping sustain operations financially. CMWSSB is also investing in indirect potable reuse and is exploring the possibility of selling most of the biosolids generated in the wastewater treatment plants as manure for agricultural use. Government support, competitive tariffs, and innovative thinking have contributed to the success of these projects.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) took a holistic approach to address the water challenges. They initiated several projects to ensure a reliable and resilient water supply for the city. Wastewater reuse emerged as a viable solution to augment water availability and cater to the industrial sector's needs. CMWSSB established different agreements with industries, making treated wastewater available for non-potable industrial use. Industries, including petrochemical companies, benefited from this initiative by purchasing treated sewage for their operations, reducing their reliance on freshwater sources. The reuse of treated sewage freed up freshwater supply, enabling it to meet domestic water needs.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>In addition to wastewater reuse, CMWSSB implemented energy recovery systems in several sewage treatment plants. By anaerobically digesting sewage sludge and generating biogas to produce electricity, they reduced their dependency on grid power and improved financial sustainability.\u003C/p>",[158],{"name":159,"type":160,"value":159},"https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1c661b03-9da6-5b50-ba56-3b69525ec562/content","link","published",false,{"id":99,"type":164,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":165,"updated_at":166,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":125,"views":167,"owner":168,"image":169,"contributors":173,"article_locations":175,"article_industries":176,"view_count":167,"like_count":113,"collection_count":117,"content":179,"can_edit":162},"policy_case","2024-04-10T09:38:12.837Z","2026-05-28T23:48:29.585Z",18,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":170,"link":171,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":165,"updated_at":172,"article_id":99,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"Y7JJpmjuV78=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778155402435-SF4r4bn7.jpeg","2024-04-10T09:55:58.414Z",[174],{"contributor_id":83},[],[177],{"article_id":99,"industry_id":144,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":178},{"id":144,"name":146,"description":147,"sector":148},{"id":180,"score":113,"body":181,"status":161,"article_id":99,"created_at":165,"updated_at":172,"published_at":165},"R_BY",{"title":182,"summary":183,"attachment":184},"Water in Circular Economy and Resilience (WICER) Online quick assessment tool","\u003Cp>ABOUT THE WICER TOOL:\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The World Bank has developed the \u003Ca href=\"https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/36254\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Water in Circular Economy and Resilience (WICER) Framework\u003C/a> to guide practitioners achieve three main outcomes: 1) deliver resilient and inclusive services, 2) design out waste and pollution, and 3) preserve and regenerate natural systems. The purpose of this WICER quick assessment tool is to familiarize the user with the WICER concept, help assess if the project, system or city is WICER and finally present solutions, guidelines and resources to become circular and resilience while achieving economic and financial benefits.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>CHECK THE TOOL HERE: \u003Ca href=\"https://www.wicer-tool.com/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.wicer-tool.com/ \u003C/a>\u003C/p>",[185],{"name":186,"type":160,"value":186},"https://www.worldbank.org/wicer",{"id":95,"type":122,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":188,"updated_at":189,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":125,"views":126,"owner":190,"image":191,"contributors":195,"article_locations":197,"article_industries":198,"view_count":126,"like_count":113,"collection_count":117,"content":201,"can_edit":162},"2023-07-24T16:24:05.064Z","2026-05-28T23:48:44.248Z",{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":192,"link":193,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":188,"updated_at":194,"article_id":95,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"FAcDhzy1fUk=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778155400906-6X-0OqKZ.jpeg","2023-07-25T07:42:06.523Z",[196],{"contributor_id":83},[],[199],{"article_id":95,"industry_id":144,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":200},{"id":144,"name":146,"description":147,"sector":148},{"id":202,"score":113,"body":203,"status":161,"article_id":95,"created_at":188,"updated_at":194,"published_at":188},"-a1U",{"title":204,"summary":205,"attachment":206},"Water in Circular Economy and Resilience (WICER) Framework -  Report","\u003Cp>Circular economy has emerged as a response to the unsustainable linear model of “take, make, consume, and waste”. Yet so far, the water sector has not been systematically included in high-level circular economy strategy discussions and has not fully reaped the potential benefits. Circular economy principles offer an opportunity to recognize and capture the full value of water - as a service, an input to processes, a source of energy, a carrier of materials - and to make the sector more sustainable financially and environmentally, while enhancing resilience to climate change and mitigating emissions. This report presents the Water in Circular Economy and Resilience (WICER) Framework to establish a common understanding of circular economy and resilience principles in the water sector. The Framework grew out of a literature review and was informed by lessons learned from global case studies and from the knowledge of the World Bank. The report aims to clarify how circular economy principles can be applied in the water sector, and to guide practitioners, especially from governments in low- and middle-income countries, with a clear long-term plan to become circular and resilient. The framework describes the nine key actions needed to achieve three main outcomes: (1) deliver resilient and inclusive water services; (2) design out waste and pollution; and (3) preserve and regenerate natural systems. The novelty of the proposed framework is that it goes beyond reusing and recovering resources from wastewater, and it presents a more holistic approach for water and sanitation services, considering a water basin approach and including resiliency principles, climate mitigation strategies and inclusiveness – all of which are particularly relevant in the context of developing countries.\u003C/p>",[207],{"name":208,"type":160,"value":208},"https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/a8667d17-74d3-5914-8bfd-7d1fad3db79d",[]]